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Anterior abdominal wall

Anterior abdominal wall

Anterior abdominal wall is made up by the skin, ( outer to inner) superficial fascia, muscles, nerves, lymph, vessels. It starts from 9 T.V. to pubic symphysis.

Blood supply : 

Epigastric artery, Deudenal artery and superficial circumflex.

Muscles of anterior abdominal wall -

1. External oblique abdominis -


Origin : external surface & inferior border of the ribs with eight slips.
Insertion : xiphoid process, linea Alba, pubic symphysis, pubic crest, pectineal line of the pubis, iliac crest.
Action : forward bending, rotation, abduction.
Nerve supply : T7 - T12

2. Internal oblique muscle -


Origin : inguinal ligament 2/3, iliac crest 2/3, thoracolumbar fascia.
Insertion : 10-12 ribs
Action : bilateral contraction, compress the abdomin, unilateral contraction, ipsilaterally rotates the torso.
Nerve supply : T7 - T12, branches of lumbar plexus.

3. Transverse abdominis -


Origin : inguinal ligament 1/3, costal cartilage 7-12, iliac crest 1/3, thoracolumbar fascia 1/3.
Insertion : pubic crest, conjoint tendon, xiphoid process, linea Alba.
Action : compression of abdominal contents.
Nerve supply : T7 - T12, branches of lumbar plexus.

4. Rectus abdominis (long, paired) -


Origin : pubic crest.
Insertion : xiphoid process, costal cartilage of 5-7th ribs.
Action : assisting to flat muscles in compressing the abdominal viscera. Rectus abdominis also stabilise the pelvis during walking and depresses the ribs.
Nerve supply : T7 -T11

5. Pyramedialis (small, triangular) -


Origin : pubic crest, pubic symphysis.
Insertion : linea alba.
Action : it tense the linea alba.
Nerve supply : T12

6. Cremaster muscle - 


Origin : inguinal ligament.
Insertion : tunica vaginalis.
Action : raise and lower the scrotum.
Nerve supply : genital branch of genitofemoral nerve.

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