Pituitory gland

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Pituitory gland

Introduction: it is also called hypophysis. It is a small gland about 1cm diameter and 0.5-1gm weight. It lies in a depression called sella turcica present in the sphenoid bone at the base of the skull and it is connected to the hypothalamus by the pituitory stalk.

Classification: 

1. Anterior pituitory or adenohypophysis.

2. Posterior pituitory or neurohypophysis.

Hormone secreted by Anterior pituitory gland:

★ All hormone peptide in nature.

1. Growth hormone (GH): It is also known as somatotropin.

Secretions - somatotropes.

Function - stimulate body growth.

2. Adreno cortico tropic hormone (ACTH): 

Secretion - from corticotrops.

Function - stimulate production of glucocorticoids and androgens by the adrenal cortex.

3. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH):

Secretion - from thyrotropes.

Function - stimulate thyroid follicular cells for production of thyroid hormone.

4. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH):

Secretion - from gonadotropes.

Function - stimulate for development of ovarian follicle, regulates spermatogenesis & testosterone production  in testes and formation of carpus luteum in the ovary.

5. Prolactin (PRL): 

Secretion - from lactotropes or mammotropes.

Function - stimulate milk secretion and production.

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Complete Endocrine system
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Gyton and Hall Medical physiology

Hormone secreted by posterior pituitory gland:

★ these hormone formed in hypothalamus and secret from neurohypophysis.

★ All hormone peptide in nature.

1. Oxytocin :

Functions -

a. Ejection of milk.

b. Contraction of uterus (time of delivery ).

c. It work in pleasure.

d. It work on possitive feedback.

e. It work with touch receptor.

2. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) / vasopressin:

★ Deficiency of ADH cause diabetes insipidus.

★ it form aquaporin channels.

Functions: 

a. Reabsorption of water from DCT and CT.

b. Maintain blood pressure.