Chronic Bronchitis

Definition -

Chronic bronchitis is common condition in which any patient persistent cough with expectoration for at least three months in a year for two or more consecutive years.

Etiopathogenesis

1. Smoking

2. Atmospheric pollution

3. Occupation

4. Familial infection

5. Genetic factors

Morphological changes

Macroscopically

i. Bronchial wall thickened, hyperaemic and oedimatous.

ii. Lumina of bronchi and bronchiole contain mucus plug and purulent exudate.

Chronic Bronchitis

Microscopically

i. Hypertrophy of goblet cells.

ii. Hyperplasia of mucus secreting glands.

iii. Increased read index.

IV. Dysplasia.

V. Intraluminal Peribronchial fibrosis.

Clinical features

1. Emphysema.

2. Bronchitis

2.1- Persistent cough with expectoration for long duration.

2.2- Recurrent respiratory infection are common.

2.3- Dyspnoea.

2.4- Patient are called BLUE BLOATERS due to cyanosis and oedema.

2.5- Cor-pulmonale.

2.6- X-rays shows enlarged heart with prominent vessels.

Image source : Google

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