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Test for proteinuria ( Heat and acetic acid test )

Test for proteinuria (Test for protein in urine ) / Heat and acetic acid test

Apparatus 

Test tube, Acetic acid, Candle, Lighter, Test tube holder, Dropper, Urine.

Principle

Heat causes coagulation of protein.

Procedure

  • Take 5ml test tube.
  • Fill 2/3 with urine.
  • Now acidify urine by the adding a few drops of 3% acetic acid, if urine is alkaline.
  • Boil upper portion for two minutes ( boil upper portion because it can compare with the lower portion ).
  • If turbidity appears, add a few drops of 3% acetic acid
Test for proteinuria, Heat and acetic acid test, Aas, alfaaz-e-aas
Test for proteinuria


Results

If present...
  • No cloudiness                             = Negative
  • Faint cloudiness                          = Traces ( less than 0.1 g/dl ).
  • Cloudiness without granularity   = + ( 0.1 g /100ml ).
  • Granular cloudiness                     = ++ ( 0.1 - 0.2 g / 100ml ).
  • Precipitation and flocculation      = +++ ( 0.2 -0.4 g/100ml ).
  • Thick solid precipitation              = ++++ ( more than 0.5 g/100ml ).

Causes

Normally less than 150 mg/day protein comes with/in urine.

Mild proteinuria ( less than 1.0 gm/day ) occur in...

  • Hypertension
  • Polycystic kidney
  • Chronic pyelonephritis
  • UTI
  • Fever

Moderate proteinuria ( 1-3 gm/day ) is seen in...

  • Chronic glomerulonephritis
  • Nephrosclerosis
  • Multiple myeloma
  • Pyelonephritis

Heavy proteinuria ( more than 3gm/day ) occur due to...

  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • Renal vein thrombosis
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • SLE


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