Hyperbilirubinemia

Jaundice

Also known as Icterus, Hyperbilirubinemia, Yellow discoloration syndrome, Bilirubin metabolic disorder, Peeliya (local term)

Introduction

Jaundice is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes due to elevated serum bilirubin levels exceeding 2 to 3 mg/dL. Bilirubin, a tetrapyrrolic bile pigment, is formed during the catabolism of heme derived from senescent erythrocytes. The condition signals an underlying disorder in bilirubin metabolism, transport, or excretion, often linked to pre-hepatic, hepatic, or post-hepatic etiologies.

Stomach inflammation

Gastritis

Also known as Stomach inflammation, Gastric mucosal inflammation, Gastric irritation. Gastritis refers to the inflammation, irritation, or erosion of the gastric mucosa (the lining of the stomach). It can occur suddenly (acute gastritis) or gradually over time (chronic gastritis). The condition may be caused by various factors, including infections, medications, or autoimmune disorders.

Body Fluids

Body fluids are essential for maintaining physiological balance and enabling various biochemical processes within the body. These fluids exist within cells, surrounding tissues, and in specialized compartments, playing a critical role in transportation, lubrication, temperature regulation, and waste elimination.

Overview of neoplasm

Definition

A mass of tissue formed as a result of abnormal, excessive, uncoordinated, autonomous, and purposeless proliferation of cells even after removal of stimulus. 

• Neoplasm is a term while neoplasia is a process. 
• Tumour have two components, one is parenchyma (neoplastic cell) and second is stroma (supporting cells and vessels).

Complete Anatomy of Liver

Liver

• Liver is the largest internal organ of the body.
• Liver is the largest exocrine gland of the body.
• Liver is the main heat producing organ of the body.
• 1500 ml/min blood pass-out from the liver.
• 400 ml blood always present in the liver.
• Chief cells of the liver are called hepatocyte which forms 80% mass of the liver.