COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)
Definition - It is an acute highly infectious viral disease caused by SARS cov-2. It affects only respiratory system. Cases may be asymptomatic to severe and critical, 80% cases recover spontaneously and 15-20% cases are severe and critical and characterized by fever, non-productive cough, myalgia shortness of breath and may show severe pneumonia even death.
Agent factors -
AGENT - novel coronavirus (SARS cov-2)
RESISTANCE - It resists at surface from few hours to several days depending upon the condition (e.g. temperature and humidity of the environment)
 |
| Novel coronavirus |
SOURCE OF INFECTION - Case - clinical and subclinical (80 % of infections are mild or asymptomatic, 15 % are severe infection and 5 % are critical infection) (as per on that days data)
INFECTIVE MATERIAL - Oropharyngeal secretion, nasal secretion (research going on)
PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILITY - Starts before 24-48 hours appearance of symptoms till patient recover (research going on)
Host factors -
AGE - Older age and immunosuppressed persons are severely affects (but less affecting age is 0-19 years)... (research going on)
SEX - Equal effects on both sexes
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS - Environmental contamination, cold places and overcrowding area
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS - Environmental contamination, cold places and overcrowding area
IMMUNITY - No natural immunity (research going on)
MORTALITY RATE (MR) - 3-4 % till now
SECONDARY ATTACK RATE - 3-10 % estimate (research going on)
Mortality rate (MR) in different
types of people
|
|
Types of patient
|
MR in %
|
Above 80 years of age
|
21.9
|
Males
|
4.7
|
Female
|
2.8
|
CVS diseased patients
|
13.2
|
Diabetic patients
|
9.2
|
Hypertension
|
8.4
|
Chronic respiratory disease
|
8.0
|
Cancer
|
7.6
|
SECONDARY ATTACK RATE - 3-10 % estimate (research going on)
Mode of Transmission - Direct contact, droplet nuclei, fomite borne
Incubation Period - 5-6 days ( range 1-14 days)
Clinical features -
ASYMPTOMATIC CASES - Few cases are reported asymptomatic
MILD TO MODERATE DISEASE (80 %) - Include non-pneumonia and pneumonia.
SEVERE DISEASE (14 %) - Dyspnoea and hypoxia
CRITICAL CASES (6 %) - Respiratory failure, septic shock and multiple organ failure
COMMON SYMPTOMS - Fever, tiredness, dry cough, some patient may have ache and pain, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat or diarrhoea and in severe cases shows difficulty in breathing.
ASYMPTOMATIC CASES - Few cases are reported asymptomatic
MILD TO MODERATE DISEASE (80 %) - Include non-pneumonia and pneumonia.
SEVERE DISEASE (14 %) - Dyspnoea and hypoxia
CRITICAL CASES (6 %) - Respiratory failure, septic shock and multiple organ failure
COMMON SYMPTOMS - Fever, tiredness, dry cough, some patient may have ache and pain, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat or diarrhoea and in severe cases shows difficulty in breathing.
 |
| Clinical categorization |
Prevention & control -
- Early detection
- Isolation
- Vaccination (vaccine are under investigation till now)
- Treatment - There is no specific treatment (only symptomatic treatment till now)
- Sanitation
Super
ReplyDelete